Responses of Runoff and Soil Loss to Rainfall Regimes and Soil Conservation Measures on Cultivated Slopes in a Hilly Region of Northern China

Cultivated land plays an important role in water and soil loss earthy/rocky mountainous regions northern China, however, its response to conservation measures rainfall characteristics are still not fully understood. In the present study, 85 erosive events 2011–2019 were grouped into three types, responses of runoff regimes on five cultivated plots with different slopes upstream catchment Miyun Reservoir evaluated. Results found that mean event depths rates ranged from 0.03 mm 7.05 0.37 t km?2 300.51 respectively, depending regimes, measures, slope gradients. The high frequency (i.e., 72.94%) regime A a short duration (RD), low amount (P), intensity (Im) yielded lower depth higher rate. Rainfall B longer RD, P Im, produced Terraced had highest reduction efficiencies over 96.03%. Contour tillage comparable sediment efficiency terraced gentle (gradient less than 11.0%), while was 13.11%. This study implies similar world, contour should be promoted slopes, construction given ample consideration as they could greatly reduce quantity cause shortages downstream catchments.